Book updated Jun 2026.
US states generally follow a combination of NFPA standards and OSHA regulations for portable fire extinguishers. The foundational code for selection, installation, and maintenance is NFPA 10, while where and when they are required is dictated by the NFPA Life Safety Code and local fire codes.The primary codes and standards enforced across jurisdictions include:
NFPA 10: The Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. It dictates the types of extinguishers needed for different hazards, travel distances (e.g., 75 feet for Class A hazards), and guidelines for regular inspection, maintenance, and testing.
NFPA 101 Life Safety Code: Widely adopted by state and local governments to specify exactly where extinguishers are required based on building occupancy (e.g., assembly, educational, healthcare).
OSHA 1910.157: The standard governing portable fire extinguishers for workplace environments, outlining specific employer responsibilities, accessibility rules, and employee training.
International Fire Code (IFC): Many states adopt this model code, which integrates NFPA 10 guidelines and sets local enforcement protocols.
Maryland’s fire extinguisher laws follow the Maryland Fire Prevention Code (COMAR 29.06.01) and the NFPA 1 code, which mandates portable extinguishers in commercial buildings, multi-family common areas, and specialized facilities, while leaving private single-family homes largely exempt. The NFPA 1, Fire Code is a comprehensive set of regulations developed by the National Fire Protection Association designed to minimize fire risks, establish safe evacuation protocols, and manage hazardous conditions. It consolidates safety requirements—extracting from over 130 specialized standards like NFPA 101 and NFPA 72—into one cohesive document.
This book provides practice questions with explanations on these codes, standards, rules and guidelines.
